Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Yoshitsugu Akiyama
Tokyo University of Science, Japan
Keynote: Colorimetric screening of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles with drugnucleic acid interactions
Biography:
Yoshitsugu Akiyama has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from University of Tokyo. He started postdoctoral studies from University of Virginia and The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University in US (2004–2009) and was promoted to Research Assistant Professor with Prof. Sidney M. Hecht in 2009. Then he joined NOF Corporation, followed by RIKEN as a Senior Research Scientist in Japan (2010–2015). He is now an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology at Tokyo Universtiy of Science. He has been serving as an editorial board member of Journal of Drug Toxicology and Pharmacology.
Abstract:
Gold nanoparticles modified with high surface-density of DNA (DNA–AuNPs) have been widely used in highly sensitive bioassays. Until now, we developed a colorimetric single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping method and detected dynamic structural changes in DNA-AuNP assemblies with beads on string-like structure based on a unique phenomenon of non-crosslinking aggregation of double-stranded DNA-functionalized AuNPs (dsDNA–AuNPs). For example, dsDNA–AuNP having a full-match sequence can undergo aggregation in highly ionic aqueous solutions, showing a drastic color change owing to a band shift of the surface plasmon resonance. On the contrary, dsDNA–AuNP having a mismatch sequence can remain dispersed under the same conditions. Recently, we have also demonstrated the extremely higher colloidal stability of dsDNA–AuNP having a single-base protrusion as compared with that of dsDNA–AuNP having a mismatch sequence. This behavior allowed us to perform more reliable SNP genotyping of the human related-cytochrome P450 2C19 gene that plays a role in the metabolism of pharmaceutical agents. Notably, drastic color change can be induced by single-base differences in the dsDNA located on outermost surfaces of AuNP in highly ionic aqueous solutions.
In this study, we attempted to assess colorimetric drug efficacy of small molecules to facilitate selection of DNA-associated drugs that have a mechanism related to an antitumor activity. The rapid color difference derived from high colloidal stability can allow visual screening of potent antitumor agents.
Keynote Forum
Mark Priebe
Quality Star LLC, USA
Keynote: Quality assurance tools to help reduce the diagnostic interpretive error in breast cancer surgical pathology
Time : 09:40-10:15
Biography:
Objective: To review the frequency and related impact of interpretive errors in anatomic pathology and how quality assurance (QA) programs measure in their ability to help reduce diagnostic interpretive error in surgical pathology.
Design: From an extensive number of published studies, the rate of major discrepancies identified for cancer patients referred to another institution occur from 4.6% to 14.7%, depending on type of tissue. However published data indicates the current intra-lab QA programs ability to detect these discrepancies is only 0.8% to 1.7%. To help understand the cause of this gap, four formal quality assurance case review programs both inter and intra-lab were reviewed for their ability to satisfy a set of selected design attributes known to help identify interpretive error. Peer reviewed literature was researched to support claims for each program percent compliance to the attributes, strengths, drawbacks, and best demonstrated practices were identified.
Results: No program met the selected attribute listing 100%, compliance ranged from 29% (met 2 of 7) to 86% (met 6 of 7) for each program.
Conclusion: Laboratories should be aware of the limitations of each QA program and take into consideration their case and pathologist mix and current on-site concerns, select a program with attributes that best match their QA needs. In general, programs that are standardized, include external review by subspecialist and are performed close to the final sign-out date may offer the greatest amount of error discovery and potential to positively influence patient outcomes and continuous improvement. Although this study focused on discordance in cancer related surgical pathology, case review can also be an effective tool in discovery of all histology/cytology diagnostic and clerical discrepancies.
Abstract:
Mark Priebe is a subject matter expert in the utilization of whole slide digital imaging for quality assurance of surgical pathology for cancer. Mark has presented on quality in surgical pathology via podium and posters at multiple scientific meetings and was the Co-Chair for Pathology 16 (Chicago) and Keynote at 5th International Meeting on Breast Pathology and Cancer Diagnosis 2018 (Miami), Mark received his undergraduate degree in Medical Technology from Marquette University, Milwaukee, and advance certification by the ASCP in Immunohematology from the Medical College of Wisconsin, Mark is the co-developer of QualityStar quality consortium of Omaha Nebraska. QualityStar is an external peer review quality assurance program for Surgical Pathology, approved by the American Board of Pathology for Part II (SAM) and IV (QA) MOC and multiple other certification/accreditation agencies. The Mission of QualityStar is to support the reduction of major diagnostic discordance in surgical pathology by 5% (7 to 2%) impacting the lifes of over 80,000 patients annually in North America.
Keynote Forum
B Moon Kim
Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
Keynote: Development of potent autoinducer-2 quorum-sensing inhibitors equipped with novel bicyclic brominated furanones against bacterial biofilm formation
Time : 10:35-11:15
Biography:
B Moon Kim has completed his PhD and postdoctoral studies at M.I.T. After 5 year experience at Merck Research Laboratories in USA, he took a faculty position at the Chemistry Department of Seoul Naitonal University in Seoul, Korea. He was Chemistry Department Chair and Director of the BK21 Chemistry & Molecular Engineering Division at SNU. He has published more than 120 papers and 25 patents and has been serving as an editorial board member of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry and Bioorgnaic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters and an editor-in-chief of Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society.
Abstract:
Biofilm formation is one of the critical factors affecting bacterial survival in association with bacterial virulence factors. It is effectively regulated through a process called quorum sensing, which is an intra- and interspecies bacterial communication system. According to changes in cell deinsity and species complexity, complex biological responses are triggered through the quorum sensing. Chronic inflammation of the periodontium is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, which is in part caused by subgingival biofilm formation from periodontopathogens. Particularly, the early and late colonizers in periodontal biofilms are linked together by Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is thus regarded as a major co-aggregation bridge organism in forming aqnd growing subgingival biofilms. We have previously shown that autoinducer-2 (AI-2) of F. Nucleatum, the intergeneric quorum-sensing signal molecule, can be a possible target for the inhibition of periodontal biofilm formation, since it plays a key role in intra- and interspecies interactions of periodontopathogens. Recently, inhibition of biofilm formation via AI-2 by novel brominated furanones originated from marine natural products such as those from macroalga Delisea pulchra has been reported, and further studies toward the goal of increasing the inhibition effect have been conducted. Herein, we describe the synthesis and quorum sensing inhibitory activities of new bromofuranone analogs in relation with biofilm formation by periodontopathogens such as F. nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia.
- Breast Pathology Treatment | Pharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals | Cardiovascular Pharmacology | Breast Pathology Diagnosis | Principles of Pharmacology | Breast Cancer
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Session Introduction
Moudi Alasmari
MCPHS University, USA
Title: Study the effects of capsaicin on triple negative breast cancer cells
Time : 14:00-14:25
Biography:
Moudi Alasmari is a PhD candidate in pharmacology at Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University (MCPHS University, Boston, USA). She completed her MS in pharmacology in 2014 from MCPHS University. She is a Pharm D graduate from King Abdulaziz University (KAU, Jeddah, KSA) in 2009. She has experience in neuroscience research. She did 3 poster presentations and wrote 1 article under submission in this field. Also, she has been working in breast cancer research and she did one poster presentation about the anticancer activity of annona muricata extract on triple negative breast cancer cells and isolation/charcterization of active compounds.
Abstract:
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer. It accounts for 12% of breast cancer cases. It lacks of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER-2) which limits its treatment options and enhances its ability to metastasize and raises the risk of recurrence. Patients with TNBC are not responsive to conventional targeted breast cancer therapies. Capsaicin (CAP) is the most abundant and potent capsaicinoid produced in chili pepper fruits. Capsaicin has been used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, several studies have shown that capsaicin has anti-carcinogenic properties in various types of human cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of capsaicin in human TNBC by using the BT-20 cell line. The results showed that capsaicin demonstrated concentration and time-dependent inhibitory activity on BT-20 cell viability as determined by MTS assay. Capsaicin produced cell viability inhibition at concentrations 150 and 250 mM at 24 and 48 h while at 72h it caused inhibition on cell viability at concentrations of 100, 150 and 250 mM. Capsaicin showed significant 5 fold increase in cytochrome C release at 250 mM as well as significant 1.6 fold increase in caspase 3/7 activity at 250 mM. Which are markers of apoptotic activation. In conclusion, capsaicin showed an inhibitory effect on cell growth and enhance apoptosis. These results will provide useful information regarding the development of a new therapy that can help in treating TNBC.
Biography:
Shahryar Eghtesadi received Bachelor degree in Nutrition Science and Food Chemistry 1975, from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; MSPH degree in Nutrition, 1977, from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran and PhD from University of California at Davis(UCD), USA, in Nutrition (1985). He served as Visiting Scientist in USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA), Boston, USA (1994-1995); full professor of Tabriz, Iran and Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences and currently serves as Professor of Azad University, Science & Research Branch. He was the chairs of Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Biochemistry & Clinical Nutrition, Public Health Nutrition and Nutrition in aforementioned Universities. Also Served as Associate Dean and Dean of School of Public Health & Nutrition and School of Public Health of Tabriz and Iran Universities of Medical Sciences respectively. He was selected as distinguished professor and Scientist. For long and extended period of time, experienced teaching various courses in nutrition in undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate and international Bureau programs and directed many projects and dissertation of MS and PhD programs and Published numerous peer reviewed articles in journals and also edited several books and finally served as Principal Investigator of World Bank Project for Capacity Building in Nutrition in Iran.
Abstract:
Green tea with possessing iron chelating properties can be useful in TB treatment and management. We studied the effect of green tea consumption on iron status and improving process of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment (accelerating the negative sputum smear, reducing the level of oxidative stress). Following the approval by Ethics Committee for Human Studies of Golestan and Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences and also obtaining the written consent of patients , this double-blinded randomized clinical trial study, was conducted on patients with TB, who were assigned randomly to the intervention group (41 patients) receiving 500 mg catechin of green tea extract and the control group (39 subjects) receiving placebo for two months, since the beginning of concomitant anti-TB treatment . Sputum evaluation was carried out on three slides using the Ziehl Nelson method. At first, the demographic and dietary intake data were obtained. . After obtaining 10 ml of venous blood, Hemoglobin (Hb), Transferrin, Ferritin, Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Iron and Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Sputum samples were collected from the third week (every 10 days) and the reduction of microbial load was also tested until sputum smear became negative.Data were processed using independent and paired t-test, McNemar, Wilcoxon, Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank test and Cox regression model. P-value was taken significant as <0.05.Average daily energy intake of patients was 1518±431 kcal, distribution of which was as follow: carbohydrates (58%), protein (17%) and fat (22%).Vitamin D and Zinc intake of patients were less and iron intake was higher than the DRI. Weight changes in both groups of placebo and green tea had tendency of increase with a significant difference at two and six month follow ups (pË‚0.0001). However, there were no significant changes due to intervention compared to placebo. Sputum conversion time (days) was 52.5± 24.5 (median= 53 days) and 40.6 ± 22.5 (median= 29 days) in placebo and catechin groups, respectively. The proportion of patients in the green tea group based on criterion of ; the short duration of being negative sputum smear; was significantly higher than the placebo group (p=0.032). To measure the mean of iron status after intervention, ANCOVA test showed mean difference level (Pvalue) in both groups for Hb, iron, TIBC, transferrin and ferritin as of: 0.004, 0.56, 0.65, 0.38 and 0.16, respectively which means that increase of hemoglobin in the green tea group was significant compared with the placebo group. There was just a 9.2 nmol/ml difference between the two groups for MDA at the beginning of study, which was not statistically significant (p=0.078) whereas, it was increased to 24.8 nmol/ml after the intervention, indicating a significant difference (p<0.001). The decline value was estimated -45.45 ± 14.69 nmol/ml for catechin group and -19.91 ± 18.38 nmol/ml for placebo group. In conclusion green tea can systematically reduce the inflammatory elements and oxidants (decrease of MDA as fatty acids oxidation indicator), and consequently, can improve the hematopoiesis and hemoglobin level. Therefore, localized inflammation and damage in the lung is reduced, and adjunct to antimicrobial therapy, accelerate sputum smear conversion, disease amelioration and treatment improvement. Finally, given the higher iron intake despite of lower micronutrients and macronutrients in diet of our patients, and considering the iron effect on mycobacterium survival and the incidence and exacerbation of inflammatory complications in patients, it seems that policy of mandatory flour fortification with iron, especially in provinces such as Golestan, must be viewed cautiously and its further implementation being revised meticulously.
Neelima Dhingra Passi
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India
Title: Trends in the development of novel approaches to cure benign prostatic hyperplasia: Hormones to 5α-reductase inhibitors
Biography:
Dr. Neelima Dhingra is an academician by profession with 10 year of teaching and research experience. She earned her B. Pharmacy, M. Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), and Ph.D. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) from the University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, and Chandigarh. Presently, she is serving as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, and Chandigarh. Her major area of research focuses on Designing (2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR), synthesis, spectroscopy analysis, physicochemical parameters and biological evaluation (in vitro, in vivo, in silico) of steroidal derivatives especially 5- alpha reeducates inhibitors. Research work has been credited with 2 US patents, 4 national patents, 40 abstracts, 22 research papers in the peer reviewed journals, 8 awards. She is a member on the editorial board of the various national journals and Editor Member of Asian Council of Scientific Editors 2014 onwards and also life member of various national scientific bodies like APTI, IPGA, PAS, PUPS, IABMS and SPER
Abstract:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) a common condition of aging men is characterized by nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland, and clinically manifested as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Past experience reveals that with the advent of profound knowledge of the pathogenesis, the natural history, and risk of the progression and new generation of experiments powered by technological breakthroughs, the concept of management has undergone many changes with time. The specific approach used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia depends upon number of factors like age, prostrate size, weight, prostate specific antigen level and severity of the symptoms. Quest spanning over hundred years to find out the novel approaches for the potentially progressive condition (BPH) of aging men has resulted in the discovery of the Finasteride and Dutasteride as 5α- Reeducates Inhibitors in 2002, starting from the discovery of the first stillbesterol in the early 1937. Research outcome from our laboratories has also resulted in some novel steroidal derivatives as 5α-Reeducates Inhibitors and found to be more potent than Finasteride. These new agents can be used for the design of future targets and development of new drugs in the treatment of BPH. Yet one cannot be certain that the quest has ended and the discovery of this number of active leads may also help in developing new safe and effective drugs.
Maha Ali
Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan
Title: Colored computer aided diagnosis system for breast mammography
Biography:
Abstract:
Breast Cancer is the most common and life threatening cancer among women. Mammography is a key screening tool for breast abnormalities detection. It is an effective way that has demonstrated the ability to detect breast cancer at early stages, because it allows identification of tumor before being palpable. Radiologists may miss the breast abnormality due to the textural variation of breast tissues intensity in mammogram. So, radiologists may result in false-positive or false-negative results. Efforts in developing the Computer Aided Detection/Diagnosis (CAD) systems for mammogram analysis improve the diagnostic accuracy by radiologists. This study developed an algorithm to read mammograms automatically with colors. It proposed the use of discrete wavelet decomposition technique using Symlet wavelet as a feature extraction, and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) as a classifier in order to discriminate the extracted features to find out this detection. The algorithm achieved 98.8% accuracy, 95.0% sensitivity in breast tissue classification. This accuracy has been verified with the ground truth given in the mini-MIAS database. So, this algorithm will help radiologists for a true diagnosis and decrease the number of the missing cancerous regions or unnecessary biopsies which are very stressful for women, it can help in early detection of breast cancer, and following treatment can significantly improve the chance of survival for patients with breast cancer. So, it will save women lives.
Biography:
Soliman Khatib, has completed his PhD at the age of 27 years from the Technion institute, Natural Science, Chemistry 1996-2000. BSC, from Ben-Gurion University, Natural Science, Chemistry1993-1995. Now I am a Researcher in the laboratory of oxidative stress Migal-Galilee Research institute and a Senior lecturer, Department of Biotechnology Tel-Hai academic collage. My research focus on understanding the relationship between oxidative stress and diseases related to oxidative stress, we identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as early biomarkers of diseases related to oxidative stress. And also to isolate and identify natural compound which improve HDL quality and functions for diseases risk of atherosclerosis disease.
Abstract:
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in preventing atherosclerosis. The antioxidant effect of HDL is mostly associated with paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Increasing PON1 activity using natural comounds may improve HDL functions and decrease atherosclerotic risk. In a previous study we isolated the compound, lyso-DGTS (C20:5,0) from Nannochloropsis sp. ethanol extract. In the present study, the effect of lyso-DGTS on PON1 activities was examined and the mechanism by which the compound affects PON1 activity was explored. Lyso-DGTS increased and preserved recombinant PON1 (rePON1) and human serum PON1 activities in a dose dependent manner. Tryptophan-fluorescence-quenching assay and molecular modeling calculations, showed a spontaneous lyso-DGTS - rePON1 interaction which supported by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, Lyso-DGTS increased peneteration of rePON1 into macrophages and prevented macrophages from lipid accumulation after stimulation with oxidized low-density lipid (ox-LDL). In-vivo experiment show that Lyso-DGTS significantly increased PON1 lactonase activity and decreased glucose concentrations in a serum of mice fed a high-fat diet to the level of mice fed a normal diet. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of lyso-DGTS on increasing PON1 activity and thus, improving HDL quality and atherosclerotic risk factors.